# vim: ts=30 noet sidescrolloff=20 textwidth=0 # # Title: Supermarket Flora # # Notes:

Here are most of the vegetables, fruits, grains, etc. you can # find in your neighborhood grocery store. For the most part these are the # foods found in the USDA nutrition # database. (Click on the box beside the common name to go there.) The # notes about the origin and date of cultivation came from a number of # sources (listed in the footnotes at the bottom). # # Sources of Information (300) # 0 USDA online nutrition database # 1 Jared Diamond, "Guns Germs and Steel" # 2 floridata.com # 3 www.uga.edu/fruit # 4 Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages # 5 www.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/pr/garten/schau # 6 homecooking.about.com # 7 www.museums.org.za/bio/plants # # Codes width: 0 # Notes width: 500 # Name sort: 2 # ################################################################################ Actinidiaceae Actinidia chinensis Kiwi / Chinese Gooseberry Native to mtn S / Cntrl China (3) Agaricaceae Agaricus bisporus Mushroom, button / Crimini Native to N Amer, Eur Agaricaceae Agaricus bitorquis Mushroom, Portobello Native to Eur Alliaceae Allium ampeloprasum Leek Native to E Eur, N Afr, Mid East (2) Alliaceae Allium ascalonicum Shallot ?? Alliaceae Allium cepa Onion Cult. by 3200BC in Mid East (2) Alliaceae Allium fistulosum Onion, green Cult. in NW China and Kazakhstan (2) Alliaceae Allium sativum Garlic Cult. by 3000BC Central Asia? (2) Alliaceae Allium schoenoprasum Chives Cult. in Eur and Asia (2) Amaranthaceae Amaranthus Amaranth Anacardiaceae Anacardium occidentale Cashew Native to arid NE Brazil (3) Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Mango Hybrid. by 4000BC in India or SE Asia (3) Anacardiaceae Pistacia vera Pistachio Native to Med through India (3) Annonaceae Annona muricata Soursop Annonaceae Annona reticulata Custard-Apple Annonaceae Annona squamosa Sweetsop Apiaceae Anethum graveolens Dill Native to Mid East (2) Apiaceae Anthriscus cerefolium Chervil Native to S Eur or Caucasus (4) Apiaceae Apium graveolens Celery Created in 1500s in Italy (7) Apiaceae Carum carvi Caraway Native to Cntrl Eur to Asia? (4) Apiaceae Coriandrum sativum Cilantro / Coriander Cult. by 3000BC in Egypt, Greece, Rome (2) Apiaceae Cuminum cyminum Cumin Cult. 1000s of yrs in Mid East (4) Apiaceae Daucus carota Carrot Cult. from Q Anne's Lace in Afghanistan? (2) Apiaceae Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Native to coast of Med (2) Apiaceae Pastinaca sativa Parsnip Apiaceae Petroselinum crispum Parsley Native to S Eur, Eastern Med (2) Apiaceae Pimpinella anisum Anise Native to E Med (4) Araceae Colocasia esculenta Taro Cult. by 4000BC in New Guinea (1,2) Arecaceae Cocos nucifera Coconut Native to W Pacific and Indian Oceans (2) Arecaceae Phoenix dactylifera Dates Cult. by 4000BC in Eastern Med (1) Asteraceae Artemisia dracunculus Tarragon Native to Cntrl Asia or Siberia (5) Asteraceae Chrysanthemum coronarium Chrysanthemum (greens) Cult. in China and Japan (2) Asteraceae Cichorium endivia Endive Cult. somewhere Egypt to China? (2) Asteraceae Cichorium intybus Radicchio Native to Syria (2) Asteraceae Cynara scolymus Artichokes Hybrid. by Greeks and Romans (7) Asteraceae Helianthus annuus Sunflower Cult. by 2500BC in Midwest US (1) endemic to E Wash and Idaho (5) Asteraceae Lactuca sativa Lettuce, Romaine / iceberg Cult. by Eur and Asia (2) or just Mid East (5) Asteraceae Taraxacum officinale Dandelion Auriculariaceae Auricularia polytricha Mushroom, wood ear Native to N Ame, Eur, Asia, NZ Betulaceae Corylus Hazelnut Native to Black Sea, Atlantic coast Eur (3) Boletaceae Boletus edulis Mushroom, porcini Native to Eur Bombacaceae Durio zibethinus Durian Native to SE Asia Boraginaceae Borago officinalis Borage Brassicaceae Armoracia rusticana Horseradish Native to Med and E Eur (4) Brassicaceae Brassica juncea Mustard greens and sauce Hybrid. in Cntrl Asia ?? BC (2) Brassicaceae Brassica napus napobrassica Rutabaga Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea acephala Kale Cult. in S Eur, N Afr, one of the 1st? (2) Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea botrytis Cauliflower / Broccoli Cult. in E Med 1600-1700AD (2) Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea capitata Cabbage Cult. by 600BC in Greece (2) Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea gemmifera Brussels Sprouts Cult. by 1800s (7) Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea gongylodes Kohlrabi Brassicaceae Brassica rapa chinensis Bok-Choi Brassicaceae Brassica rapa pekinensis Pe-Tsai Brassicaceae Brassica rapa perviridis Mustard Spinach Brassicaceae Brassica rapa rapifera Turnip Cult. by 2000BC in Cntrl Eur (2) Brassicaceae Eruca sativa Arugula Native to Med and W Asia (2) Brassicaceae Lepidium sativum Cress, garden Brassicaceae Nasturtium officinale Watercress Native to W and Cntrl Asia (4) Brassicaceae Raphanus sativus longipinratus Radish Cult. by 3000BC in Egypt (2) Brassicaceae Wasabia japonica Wasabi Native to Japan (4) Bromeliaceae Ananus comosus Pineapple Cult. by ?? in S Brazil, Paraguay, spread by Indians (3) Cantharellaceae Cantharellus cibarius Mushroom, Chanterelle Native to N Amer, Eur Capparidaceae Capparis spinosa Caper Native to W or Cntrl Asia (5) Caprifoliaceae Sambucus Elderberry Caricaceae Carica papaya Papaya Native to Lowland Amazon (2) or tropical Cntrl Amer spread S by Indians (3) Chenopodiaceae Beta vulgaris Beets Chenopodiaceae Beta vulgaris cicla Chard, Swiss Native to coasts of Eur, N Afr (2) Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium quinoa Quinoa Cult. by Indians in Andes (1) Chenopodiaceae Spinacia oleracea Spinach Clusiaceae Garcinia mangostana Mangosteen Convolvulaceae Ipomoea batatas Sweetpotato Cult. by 3500BC in Andes (1) Cucurbitaceae Citrullus lanatus Watermelon Cult. in W / Cntrl Africa (1) by 2000BC (7) Cucurbitaceae Cucumis melo Honeydew / Cantaloupe Native to Africa Cucurbitaceae Cucumis sativus Cucumber Cult. in India (1) Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita maxima Squash, acorn / Hubbard Cult. in Andes / Amazonia (1) Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita moschata Squash, butternut Cult. in Andes / Amazonia (1) Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita pepo Pumpkin / Zucchini Cult. by 3500BC in Mexico (1) Cyperaceae Eleocharis dulcis Waterchestnut Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea Yam Cult. in New Guinea (1) Ebenaceae Diospyros virginiana Persimmon Native to Eastern N Amer (2) Ericaceae Vaccinium Blueberry Native to N Amer (3) Ericaceae Vaccinium macrocarpon Cranberry Native to NE N Amer (3) Euphorbiaceae Manihot esculenta Cassava Cult. in tropical S Amer (2) Fabaceae Arachis hypogaea Peanut Cult. in Cntrl Brazil by 3000BC (5) Fabaceae Ceratonia siliqua Carob Native to ?? Fabaceae Cicer arietinum Chickpea Cult. in Mid East (1) by 6500BC (7) Fabaceae Glycine max Bean, soy Cult. in S China since 1000BC (5) Fabaceae Lens culinaris Lentil Cult. in Mid East (1) by 6000BC (5) Fabaceae Medicago sativa Alfalfa (sprouts) Cult. by 1000-2000BC in SW Iran (7) Fabaceae Pachyrhizus Jicama Cult. in Mexico (1) Fabaceae Phaseolus lunatus Bean, lima Cult. in Cntrl and S Amer (2) by 800BC (5) Fabaceae Phaseolus vulgaris Bean, black / kidney / etc Cult. by 3500BC in Mexico (1) Fabaceae Pisum sativum Pea, green Cult. by 8500BC in Mid East (1) Fabaceae Tamarindus indica Tamarind Native to tropical E Afr (2) Fabaceae Trigonella foenum-graecum Fenugreek Native to Med to China (4) Fabaceae Vicia faba Bean, fava Cult. in Mid East and E Med by 3000BC (5) Fabaceae Vigna angularis Bean, adzuki Fabaceae Vigna radiata Bean, mung Fagaceae Castanea crenata Chestnut, Japanese Cult. by 0AD by Japanese (3) Fagaceae Castanea mollissima Chestnut, Chinese ?? Fagaceae Castanea sativa Chestnut, European ?? Grossulariaceae Ribes Gooseberry Native to Northern N Amer and Eur (3) Grossulariaceae Ribes nigrum Currant Illiciaceae Illicium verum Anise, star Native to S China and Vietnam (4) Iridaceae Crocus sativus Saffron Triploid form of Greek species 1st found on Crete? by 3000BC (4) Juglandaceae Carya illinoensis Pecans Native to Mississippi Valley (2) Juglandaceae Juglans nigra Walnut, black Native to Eastern N Amer (2) Juglandaceae Juglans regia Walnut, English Lamiaceae Mentha x piperita notho Mint, pepper Hybrid in England (4) Lamiaceae Mentha spicata Mint, spear Native to Eur and Asia (4) Lamiaceae Ocimum basilicum Basil Native to tropical Asia (2) Lamiaceae Origanum majorana Marjoram Native to N Afr, Mid East (2) Lamiaceae Origanum vulgare Oregano Native to Med (2) Lamiaceae Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary Lamiaceae Salvia officinalis Sage Cult. in Med and W Asia (4) Lamiaceae Thymus vulgaris Thyme Native to W Med and S Italy (2) Lauraceae Cinnamomum cassia Cinnamon, cassia Native to China(4) Lauraceae Cinnamomum loueirii Cinnamon, Saigon Native to Vietnam (4) Lauraceae Cinnamomum verum Cinnamon, true Native to Sri Lanka (4) Lauraceae Laurus nobilis Bay Leaf Native to Southern Med (2) Lauraceae Persea americana Avocado Lecythidaceae Bertholletia excelsa Brazilnuts Liliaceae Asparagus officinalis Asparagus Native to E Med and Mid East, cult. by 200BC at least (6) Linaceae Linum usitatissimum Flaxseed Cult. by 7000BC in Europe (1) Malvaceae Abelmoschus esculentus Okra Native to tropical W Afr Malvaceae Gossypium Cotton Native to tropics worldwide Moraceae Artocarpus altilis Breadfruit Cult. in Malaysia and Indonesia since ?? (1) Moraceae Ficus carica Fig Cult. by 6000BC in Egypt (1) Moraceae Morus nigra Mulberry Morchellaceae Morchella Mushroom, morel Native to N Amer, Eur Musaceae Musa x paradisiaca Banana / Plantain Cult. by 7000BC in New Guinea (1) Myristicaceae Myristica fragrans Nutmeg / Mace Native to Banda Islands in E Indonesia (4) Myrtaceae Pimenta dioica Allspice Native to West Indies, Ctrl Amer (2) Myrtaceae Psidium cattleianum Guava, strawberry Myrtaceae Psidium guajava Guava, common Myrtaceae Syzyghum aromaticum Cloves Native to N Moluccas in Indonesia (4) Nelumbonaceae Nelumbo nucifera Lotus Oleaceae Olea europaea Olive Cult. by 8500BC in Mid East (1) Oxalidaceae Averrhoa carambola Starfruit Papaveraceae Papaver somniferum Poppy Seed Cult. 6000-3500BC in Europe (1) Passifloraceae Passiflora edulis Passion-fruit, purple New World? Pedaliaceae Sesamum indicum Sesame Cult. by 7000BC in Mid East (1) or topical Afr / India (4) Pinaceae Pinus edulis Pine nut, pinyon Native to SW N Amer Pinaceae Pinus pinea Pine nut, pignolia Native to Med?? Piperaceae Piper nigrum Pepper, white/black Cult. in Malabar on W coast of India (4) Pleurotaceae Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom, oyster Native to N Amer, Eur, Asia Poaceae Avena sativa Oats Cult. 6000-3500BC in Europe (1) Poaceae Cymbopogon citratus Lemongrass Native to S and SE Asia (5) Poaceae Hordeum vulgare Barley Cult. in Mid East (1) by 6000-9000BC (5) Poaceae Oryza sativa Rice Cult. by 7500BC in China (1) or by 3000BC in SE Asia (5) Poaceae Panicum miliaceum Millet Cult. by 7500BC in China (1) Poaceae Phyllostachys Bamboo (shoots) Poaceae Saccharum Sugar Cane Cult. by 7000BC in New Guinea (1) Poaceae Secale cereale Rye Cult. by ?? in Mid East (5) Poaceae Sorghum Sorghum Cult. by 5000BC in Cntrl Africa (1) Poaceae Triticum aestivum Wheat Cult. by 8500BC in Mid East (1) or 7000BC (5) Poaceae Triticum durum Wheat, durum Cult. by 8500BC in Mid East (1) or 7000BC (5) Poaceae Zea mays Corn Cult. by 3500BC in Mexico (1) cult. took 7000 yrs (5) Poaceae Zizania Rice, wild Polygonaceae Fagopyrum esculentum moench Buckwheat Native to Mongolia, not cultivated (5) Polygonaceae Rheum rhabarbarum Rhubarb Proteaceae Grevilleoideae Macadamia integrifolia Macadamia Native to E coast Australia, cult. in 1800s in Hawaii (3) Punicaceae Punica granatum Pomegranate Cult. by 4000BC in Iran to India (1) Rosaceae Cydonia oblonga Quince Cult. in Mid East before Greece/Rome (3) Rosaceae Fragaria x ananassa Strawberry New: hybrid in 1800s in France, old: cult. in Eur and Russia for ages (3) Rosaceae Malus sylvestris Apple Cult. in E Turkey, SW Russia well before 300BC (3) Rosaceae Prunus armeniaca Apricot Cult. by 1000BC in NE China (3) Rosaceae Prunus avium Cherry, sweet Cult. by Greeks and Romans (3) Rosaceae Prunus cerasus Cherry, sour / red Hybrid by ?? (3) Rosaceae Prunus domestica Plum, European Hybrid. in Caucasus Mtns in last 2000 yrs (3) Rosaceae Prunus dulcis Almond Cult. by 3000BC in Iran (1,3) Rosaceae Prunus persica Peach Cult. by 2400BC in China (3) Rosaceae Prunus persica nectarina Nectarine Rosaceae Prunus salicina Plum, Japanese Cult. in China for thousands of yrs (3) Rosaceae Pyrus communis Pear, European Cult. by prehistorical times in E Eur, Med (3) Rosaceae Pyrus pyrifolia Pear, Asian Cult. by 2000BC in Cntrl, S China (3) Rosaceae Rubus Blackberry Native mostly to SE US (3) Rosaceae Rubus idaeus Raspberry, red Native to N Amer and Eur (3) Rosaceae Rubus occidentalis Raspberry, black Native to N Amer (3) Rosaceae Rubus ursinus loganobaccus Boysenberry / Loganberry Hybrid in late 1800s in California (3) Rubiaceae Coffea arabica Coffee Cult. (early) in Ethiopia (1) Rubiaceae Coffea robusta Coffee Cult. (early) in Ethiopia (1) Rutaceae Citrus aurantifolia Lime Cult. by 2400BC in SE Asia? (2,3) Rutaceae Citrus grandis Pummelo Cult. by 2400BC in SE Asia (2,3) Rutaceae Citrus limon Lemon Cult. by 2400BC in SE Asia? (2,3) Rutaceae Citrus paradisi Grapefruit Cult. by 1700s from ?? (3) Rutaceae Citrus reticulata Tangerine Cult. by 2400BC in China (2,3) Rutaceae Citrus sinensis Orange Cult. by 2400BC in India? (2,3) Rutaceae Fortunella Kumquat Native to China (2) Sapindaceae Litchi chinensis Litchi Sapindaceae Nephelium lappaceum Rambutan Sapotaceae Pouteria sapota Sapotes Solanaceae Capsicum annuum Pepper: Paprika, Jalapeno, Thai, bell... Cult. by Indians in Cntrl Amer (2) Solanaceae Capsicum chinense Habanero / Scotch Bonnet Cult. by Indians in Amazon (2) Solanaceae Capsicum frutescens Tabasco Cult. by Indians in Amazon (2) Solanaceae Lycopersicon esculentum Tomato Cult. by 500BC in tropical Western S Amer (2,5) Solanaceae Physalis ixocarpa Tomatillos Cult. in Mexico and Ctrl Amer (2) Solanaceae Solanum malongena Eggplant Cult. by 7000BC in Mid East (1) or India (2) Solanaceae Solanum tuberosum Potato Cult. by 3500BC in Andes (1) Sterculiaceae Theobroma cacao Chocolate Native to tropical Cntrl and S Amer (1) Strophariaceae Flammulina velutipes Mushroom, enoki Strophariaceae Pholiota nameko Mushroom, nameko Tricholomataceae Lentinus edodes Mushroom, shiitake Native to E Asia Tuberaceae Tuber melanosporum Mushroom, truffle Native to France Vitaceae Vitis Grape Cult. by 4000BC near Caspian Sea (1,3) Vitaceae Vitis vinifera Raisin Volvariaceae Volvariella volvacea Mushroom, straw Native to SE Asia Zingiberaceae Alpinia galanga Galanga Zingiberaceae Curcuma domestica Turmeric Native to S or SE Asia?? (4) Zingiberaceae Elettaria cardamomum Cardamom Native to Ghat Mtns of SW India (2) Zingiberaceae Zingiber officinale Ginger Native to S China (4) __END__ Should have these: Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit) Dimocarpus longan (Longans) Eriobotrya japonica (Loquats) Satureja hortensis (Savory) Sinapis alba (Mustard seed, yellow) Ziziphus jujuba (Jujube) Wild foods: Arctium lappa (Burdock root) Carissa macrocarpa (Natal-Plum) Carya ? (Hickorynuts) Chenopodium album (Lambsquarters) Chondrus crispus (Seaweed, irishmoss) Corchorus olitorius (Jute, potherb) Cynara cardunculus (Cardoon) Epilobium angustifolium (Fireweed) Eucheuma ? (Seaweed, agar) Eugenia uniflora (Surinam-cherry) Fagus ? (Beechnuts) Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem-artichokes) Ipomoea aquatica (Skunk cabbage) Juglans cinerea (Butternuts) Laminaria ? (Seaweed, kelp) Malus ? (Crabapples) Mammea americana (Mammy-apple) Manilkara zapota (Sapodilla) Matteuccia struthioreris (Fiddlehead ferns) Opuntia ? (Prickly pears) Phytolacca americana (Pokeberry shoots) Porphyra laciniata (Seaweed, laver) Portulaca oleracea (Purslane) Quercus ? (Acorns) Rumex ? (Dock) Sagittaria latifolia (Arrowhead) Salvia hispanica (Chia seeds) Syzygium cumini (Java-plum) Syzygium jambos (Rose-apples) Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach) Tragopogon porrifolius (Salsify)