# vim: ts=50 nowrap noet textwidth=0
#
#  Title: Phylogeny of Gymnosperms
#  Label: Gymnosperms
#  Strict: 1
#
#  Notes: <p>I used the excellent <a
#  href="http://home.earthlink.net/~earlecj"> Gymnosperm Database</a> as a
#  starting point for this tree.  The higher level relationships are still
#  being debated.  The ones I've presented below are from Rai 2002.  A few
#  recent analyses still support the old morphological placement of Gnetales
#  as sister to Angiosperms, however most place it among the Gymnosperms, and
#  some even suggest that it is closely related to Pinaceae.  Likewise,
#  relationships within Pinaceae are uncertain.  I used Liston 2003.  The
#  basal position of Cedrus is weakly supported.
#
#  Link: top   top.html?node=Gymnosperms
#
################################################################################

* Gymnosperms
|. Cycadales
|' Ginkgo{ales,aceae,,_biloba}
| Coniferales
' Gnetales?

* Cycadales
| Cyc{adaceae,as}
| Stangeriaceae
' Zamiaceae

* Gnetales
| Ephedr{aceae,a}
|. Gnet{aceae,um}
'' Welwitschi{aceae,a}

* Coniferales
| Pinaceae
|.. Araucariaceae
||' Podocarpaceae
||. Sciadopity{aceae,s,s_verticillata}?
|||. Cephalotax{aceae,us}
|||| Cupressaceae
'''' Taxaceae

* Araucariaceae
|. Agathis
||* Araucaria
|||.. Araucaria_sect._Eutacta
||||' Araucaria_heterophylla
|||' Araucaria_cunninghamii
|||.. Araucaria_araucana
||||' Araucaria_angustifolia
||||. Araucaria_hunsteinii
|'''' Araucaria_bidwillii
' Wollemia_nobilis

* Cupressaceae
| Cunningham{ioideae,ia}
|. Taiwan{ioideae,ia}
||. Athrotax{idoideae,is}
|||* Sequoioideae
|||| Metasequoia
||||. Sequoiadendron{,_giganteum}
|||'' Sequoia{,_sempervirens}
|||.* Taxodioideae
||||| Cryptomeria
|||||. Taxodium
||||'' Glyptostrobus
||||* Cupressaceae_s._str.
|||||* Callitroideae
|||||| Librocedrus
||||||. Widdringtonia
||||||' Diselma
||||||. Neocallitropsis
||||||' Callitris
|||||| Actinostrobus?
|||||| Austrocedrus?
|||||| Fitzroya?
|||||| Papuacedrus?
|||||' Pilgerodendron?
|||||* Cupressoideae
||||||. Thujopsis
||||||' Thuja
||||||.. Fokiena
|||||||' Chamaecyparis
|||||||.. Juniperus
||||||||' Cupressus
||||||||. Calocedrus
|||||||||. Tetraclinis
||||||||||. Platycladus
||||||||||' Microbiota
'''''''''' Xanthocyparis?

* Pinaceae
| Cedrus?
|* Abietoideae
||. Abies
||' Keteleeria
||. Pseudolarix
|||. Nothotsuga
|''' Tsuga
|.* Laricoideae
||| Larix
||' Pseudotsuga
||* Pinoideae
||| Cathaya
||| Picea
''' Pinus

* Podocarpaceae
| Phyllocladoideae
' Podocarpoideae

* Stangeriaceae
| Boweni{oideae,a}
' Stangeri{oideae,a}

* Zamiaceae
|* Encephalartoideae
|| Dio{oeae,on}
||* Macrozamiinae
||| Lepidozamia
|'' Macrozamia
| Zamioideae
| Ceratozam{ieae,ia}
|* Zamieae
|| Microcyc{adinae,as}
||* Zamiinae
||| Chigua
''' Zamia