Theorem: "MAM2
satisfies LIIA":
Some definitions: For all r Î
L(A) and all B Í A,
let r|B denote
the restriction of r
to B. (That is, the strict ranking of B such that,
for all x,y Î
B, r|B ranks x over y
if and only if r ranks x over y.)
For all r Î
L(A), let Contiguous(r)
denote {C Í A
such that,
for all c,c' Î
C and all x Î
A\C, r does not rank x between c and c'}.
(That is, all subsets of alternatives that are contiguous in r.)
For all r Î
L(A), all non-empty C Î
Contiguous(r) and all r' Î
L(C),
let substitute(r,r')
denote the strict ranking of A that is the same as r
except the alternatives in C are deleted and replaced with r'.
That is, all three of the following
conditions hold:
(i)
For all x Î
A\C and all y Î
A, substitute(r,r')
ranks x over y
if and only if r ranks x over y.
(ii)
For all x Î
A and all y Î
A\C, substitute(r,r')
ranks x over y
if and only if
r ranks x over y.
(iii)
For all x,y
Î
C, substitute(r,r')
ranks x over y
if and only if r' ranks x over y.
(1) For all r
Î
L(A), all non-empty C Î
Contiguous(r) and all r' Î
L(C),
DistinctAgreed(r,substitute(r,r'),A,R)
= DistinctAgreed(r|C,r',C,R|C).
(2) For all s Î
L(R,A), all r
Î
L(A), all non-empty C Î
Contiguous(r)
and all r' Î
UndominatedRankings(C,R|C,s|C),
r does not dominate substitute(r,r')
given (R,s).
(3) For all s Î
L(R,A), all r
Î
UndominatedRankings(A,R,s),
all non-empty
C Î
Contiguous(r) and all r' Î
UndominatedRankings(C,R|C,s|C),
substitute(r,r')
Î UndominatedRankings(A,R,s).
(4) For all s Î
L(R,A), all r
Î
UndominatedRankings(A,R,s)
and all non-empty C Î
Contiguous(r),
r|C
Î UndominatedRankings(C,R|C,s|C).
(5) For all s Î
L(R,A) and all
non-empty C Î
Contiguous(Rsocial2(A,R,s)),
Rsocial2(A,R,s)|C
= Rsocial2(C,R|C,s|C).
Proof of (1): Pick any r Î
L(A), any non-empty C
Î
Contiguous(r) and any r' Î
L(C).
Abbreviate r" = substitute(r,r').
Make the following abbreviations:
Maj = Majorities(A,R).
Agreed(r) = Agreed(r,R).
Agreed(r") = Agreed(r",R).
Distinct(r,r") = DistinctAgreed(r,r",A,R).
Maj' = Majorities(C,R|C).
Agreed(r|C) = Agreed(r|C,R|C).
Agreed(r') = Agreed(r',R|C).
Distinct(r|C,r') = DistinctAgreed(r|C,r',C,R|C).
We must show Distinct(r,r") =
Distinct(r|C,r'). By the
definition of DistinctAgreed(),
both of the following statements hold:
(1.1) Distinct(r,r")
= (Agreed(r) È Agreed(r"))\(Agreed(r)
Ç Agreed(r")).
(1.2) Distinct(r|C,r')
= (Agreed(r|C) È
Agreed(r'))\(Agreed(r|C) Ç
Agreed(r')).
By construction and the
definition of Agreed(), both of the following
statements hold:
(1.3) For all (x,y) Î
Pairs(A)\Pairs(C),
(x,y) Î
Agreed(r) if and only if (x,y) Î
Agreed(r").
By 1.3, the following statement holds:
(1.4) Pairs(A)\(Agreed(r)
Ç
Agreed(r")) = Pairs(C).
Since (Agreed(r) È
Agreed(r")) Í Pairs(A),
by 1.1 and 1.4 the following statement holds:
(1.5) Distinct(r,r")
= (Agreed(r) È
Agreed(r")) Ç Pairs(C).
By theorem
"Majorities are Independent of Irrelevant Alternatives", Maj' = Maj Ç
Pairs(C).
Thus, by construction and the
definition of Agreed(), both of the following
statements hold:
(1.6) For all (x,y) Î
Pairs(C),
(x,y) Î
Agreed(r) if and only if (x,y) Î
Agreed(r|C).
(1.7) For all (x,y) Î
Pairs(C),
(x,y) Î
Agreed(r") if and only if (x,y) Î
Agreed(r').
By 1.5, 1.6, 1.7 and 1.2,
Distinct(r,r") =
Distinct(r|C,r') Ç Pairs(C).
Since
Distinct(r|C,r') Í Pairs(C),
this implies Distinct(r,r") =
Distinct(r',r|C),
establishing 1.
Proof of (2): Pick any s Î
L(R,A).
Make the following abbreviations:
Maj = Majorities(A,R).
For all r Î
L(A),
Agreed(r) = Agreed(r,R).
For all r,r" Î L(A),
Distinct(r,r") = DistinctAgreed(r,r",A,R).
For all r,r" Î L(A)
such that
Distinct(r,r") is not empty,
LDA(r,r") = LargestDistinctAgreed(r,r",A,R,s).
Undom = UndominatedRankings(A,R,s).
Pick any r Î
L(A) and any non-empty C
Î
Contiguous(r).
Make the following additional abbreviations:
Maj' = Majorities(C,R|C).
For all r' Î
L(C),
Agreed(r') = Agreed(r',R|C).
For all r',r" Î L(C),
Distinct(r',r") = DistinctAgreed(r',r",C,R|C).
For all r',r" Î L(C)
such that
Distinct(r',r") is not empty,
LDA(r',r") = LargestDistinctAgreed(r',r",C,R|C,s|C).
Undom' = UndominatedRankings(C,R|C,s|C).
Pick any r' Î
Undom'. Abbreviate r" = substitute(r,r').
We must show r does
not dominate r" given (R,s).
If r' = r|C, then r"
= r, so by theorem
"Dominance
is an Ordering" dominance is irreflexive and we are done.
On the other hand,
suppose r' ¹ r|C.
Since r' Î
Undom', r|C does not dominate
r' given (R|C,s|C).
There are two cases to consider:
Case 2.1: r' does not
dominate r|C given (R|C,s|C).
Since neither
dominates the other, by the
definition of dominance Distinct(r',r|C)
must
be empty. By 1, Distinct(r,r") is empty. Thus r does not
dominate r"
given (R,s) in case 2.1.
Case 2.2: r' dominates r|C
given (R|C,s|C).
By the
definition of dominance,
this implies
Distinct(r',r|C) is not empty. Thus, by theorem
"Precedence is a Strict Ordering" and the definition of LargestDistinctAgreed(),
we can
let (x,y) denote
the unique ordered pair LDA(r',r|C). Since
r' dominates r|C,
(x,y) Î
Agreed(r') and (x,y) Ï Agreed(r|C).
By 1, Distinct(r,r") = Distinct(r',r|C),
so (x,y) Î
Agreed(r") and (x,y) Ï
Agreed(r). By theorem
"Precedence is
Independent of Irrelevant Alternatives", LDA(r,r") = (x,y). It follows
that
r" dominates r given (R,s). By theorem
"Dominance is an Ordering",
dominance is asymmetric, so r does not dominate r" given (R,s)
in case 2.2.
Since in both cases r does not dominate r" given (R,s), (2) is established.
Proof of 3: Pick any s Î
L(R,A).
Make the same abbreviations as in the
proof of (2). Pick any r Î
Undom, any non-empty C Î
Contiguous(r)
and any r' Î
Undom'. Abbreviate r" = substitute(r,r').
By 2, r does not
dominate r" given (R,s). Pick any r0 Î
L(A). Since r Î
Undom, r0 does not
dominate r given (R,s). By theorem
"Dominance is an Ordering", dominance
is negatively
transitive, so r0 does not dominate r" given (R,s).
Since r0 was
picked arbitrarily, it follows that no ranking in L(A)
dominates r" given (R,s).
Thus r" Î
Undom, establishing 3.
Proof of 4: Pick any s Î
L(R,A).
Make the same abbreviations as in the
proof of (2). Pick any r Î
Undom and any non-empty C Î
Contiguous(r).
We must show r|C Î
Undom'. Suppose the contrary. This means there
exists r' Î
L(C) such that r' dominates r|C
given (R|C,s|C).
This implies
Distinct(r',r|C) is not empty. By theorem
"Precedence is a Strict Ordering"
and the definition of LargestDistinctAgreed(),
we can let (x,y) denote
the unique ordered pair LDA(r',r|C).
Since r' dominates r|C, this
implies
(x,y) Î
Agreed(r') and (x,y) Ï
Agreed(r|C). Abbreviate r"
= substitute(r,r').
We aim to show r" dominates r given (R,s),
a contradiction. By 1,
Distinct(r",r) =
Distinct(r',r|C). This implies (x,y) Î
Agreed(r") and
(x,y) Ï
Agreed(r). By theorem
"Precedence is Independent of Irrelevant
Alternatives", LDA(r",r) = (x,y). It follows
that r" dominates r given (R,s).
But since r Î
Undom, this is a contradiction. Thus the contrary assumption
cannot hold, so r|C Î
Undom', establishing 4.
Proof of 5: Pick any s Î
L(R,A).
Make the same abbreviations as in the proof
of (2). Abbreviate Rs = Rsocial2(A,R,s).
Pick any non-empty C Î
Contiguous(Rs).
Abbreviate RC
= Rsocial2(C,R|C,s|C). We must show Rs|C = RC.
Suppose the
contrary. By theorem
"Properties of RSocial (5)", Rs Î
Undom and RC Î
Undom'.
By 4, Rs|C Î
Undom'.
QED